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Although no one knows what the decades ahead will bring precisely, there are enough indicators available to say with confidence that the 21st century represents a new era.

Whether the concern is climate change, peak oil, overpopulation, species extinction, food and water shortages or something else, the challenges ahead are varied and daunting.

They are elements of what I call the "Age of Consequences" - the era in which we, and subsequent generations, begin to grapple with the cumulative effects of 200 years of full-throttle industrialism.

It's not just about the effects of greenhouse gases or toxic wastes but our decisions also. Action has consequences, of course, but so does inaction - and we did plenty of both last century.

Metaphorically, I think of the Age of Consequences as a hurricane that has been building slowly over open water for some time but is now approaching shore. We can already feel its winds.

Naturally, a strenuous effort is needed to lower the wind speed of this hurricane as much as possible - such as reducing the amount of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. However, we must also prepare basic support systems, including food, fuel and shelter, because the hurricane is destined to make landfall no matter what we do.

In other words, we need to build ecological and economic resilience - which the dictionary defines as "the ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change" - among landowners, organizations and communities, so that they can weather the coming storm.

Ecologically, building resilience means reversing the downward trend of ecosystem health. And it needs to happen on a global scale.

Fortunately, there has been early progress on this front, including the development of progressive land restoration and management methods, sustainable farming and ranching practices, production of local food, expansion of watershed-based democratic collaboratives and the exploration of regenerative economic strategies, albeit on small scales so far.

Reversing ecosystem decline, however, requires the adoption of a new philosophy: that all natural landscapes must now be actively managed.

Some may need more management than others, depending on their current condition, but under the global effect of climate change, for example, we can no longer turn our backs on our responsibilities, no matter how big or small.

Economically, building resilience means relocalization - a word that will likely dominate our lives soon. The inevitability of rising energy costs, for instance, means more and more of our daily lives, from food production to where we work and play, will be lived closer to home. This won't be by choice, as it is currently, but by necessity.

Relocalization can be a form of rediscovery - learning about our roots, about community, neighbors, gardens and doing with less in general. One could look at relocalization entrepreneurially: Those individuals and organizations that get into the game early, by providing relocalized goods and services, stand a very good chance at making a profitable living as the Age of Consequences begins to unfold.

At a minimum, relocalization includes:

The development of local food and energy sources. Working landscapes will become critical again. So will the innovations currently taking place at the nexus of agriculture and ecology - a nexus that requires working lands. Could New Mexico feed itself? If not, why not, and what can we do to stimulate local food and energy production?

The increasing importance of farmers and ranchers. Not only does local food and energy require local land, it also requires local people with local knowledge to do the work. This means figuring out how to keep the current generation of farmers and ranchers on the land, as well as encourage the next generation to stay, come back or give agriculture a try.

Restoration becoming an important business. Producing local food and energy from working landscapes, especially in quantity, will require healthy land as well as best management practices that work within nature's model. However, much of our land is in poor-to-fair condition for a variety of reasons. The good news is that restoration can afford local communities a bounty of jobs at good wages.

The storm moving toward shore took a long time to develop, and it'll take an even longer time to dissipate. Our primary duty, therefore, is to be patient and to work dutifully and thoughtfully.

Building resilience will take time. It will also require skill, collaboration and respect. We'll have to work together, and we'll have to do things differently. The sooner we get started, the better off we will all be.